Multi-sensor Fusion

ImMesh is a novel LiDAR(-inertial) odometry and meshing framework, which takes advantage of input of LiDAR data, achieving the goal of simultaneous localization and meshing in real-time. ImMesh comprises four tightly-coupled modules: receiver, localization, meshing, and broadcaster. The localization module utilizes the prepossessed sensor data from the receiver, estimates the sensor pose online by registering LiDAR scans to maps, and dynamically grows the map. Then, our meshing module takes the registered LiDAR scan for incrementally reconstructing the triangle mesh on the fly. Finally, the real-time odometry, map, and mesh are published via our broadcaster.

ImMesh is a novel LiDAR(-inertial) odometry and meshing framework, which takes advantage of input of LiDAR data, achieving the goal of simultaneous localization and meshing in real-time.

R$^3$LIVE is a versatile and well-engineered system toward various possible applications, which can not only serve as a SLAM system for realtime robotic applications but can also reconstruct the dense, precise, RGB-colored 3D maps for applications like surveying and mapping. In addition, we have developed a series of offline utilities for reconstructing and texturing meshes for various of 3D applications.

FAST-LIO (Fast LiDAR-Inertial Odometry) is a computationally efficient and robust LiDAR-inertial odometry package. It fuses LiDAR feature points with IMU data using a tightly-coupled iterated extended Kalman filter to allow robust navigation in fast-motion, noisy or cluttered environments where degeneration occurs. Our package addresses many key issues: 1) Fast error state iterated Kalman filter (ESIKF) for odometry optimization. 2) Incremental mapping using ikd-Tree, achieve faster speed and over 100Hz LiDAR rate. 3) Without the need for feature extraction, FAST-LIO2 can support many types of LiDAR including spinning (Velodyne, Ouster) and solid-state (Livox Avia, Horizon, MID-70) LiDARs, and can be easily extended to support more LiDARs.

This paper presents FAST-LIO2: a fast, robust, and versatile LiDAR-inertial odometry framework. Building on a highly efficient tightly-coupled iterated Kalman filter, FAST-LIO2 has two key novelties that allow fast, robust, and accurate LiDAR navigation (and mapping). The first one is directly registering raw points to the map (and subsequently update the map, i.e., mapping) without extracting features. This enables the exploitation of subtle features in the environment and hence increases the accuracy. The elimination of a hand-engineered feature extraction module also makes it naturally adaptable to emerging LiDARs of different scanning patterns; The second main novelty is maintaining a map by an incremental k-d tree data structure, ikd-Tree, that enables incremental updates (i.e., point insertion, delete) and dynamic re-balancing. Compared with existing dynamic data structures (octree, R$^*$-tree, nanoflann k-d tree), ikd-Tree achieves superior overall performance while naturally supports downsampling on the tree. We conduct an exhaustive benchmark comparison in 19 sequences from a variety of open LiDAR datasets. FAST-LIO2 achieves consistently higher accuracy at a much lower computation load than other state-of-the-art LiDAR-inertial navigation systems. Various real-world experiments on solid-state LiDARs with small FoV are also conducted. Overall, FAST-LIO2 is computationally-efficient (e.g., up to 100 $Hz$ odometry and mapping in large outdoor environments), robust (e.g., reliable pose estimation in cluttered indoor environments with rotation up to 1000 $deg/s$), versatile (i.e., applicable to both multi-line spinning and solid-state LiDARs, UAV and handheld platforms, and Intel and ARM-based processors), while still achieving higher accuracy than existing methods. Our implementation of the system FAST-LIO2, and the data structure ikd-Tree are both open-sourced on Github.

R$^2$LIVE is a robust, real-time tightly-coupled multi-sensor fusion framework, which fuses the measurement from the LiDAR, inertial sensor, visual camera to achieve robust, accurate state estimation. Taking advantage of measurement from all individual sensors, our algorithm is robust enough to various visual failure, LiDAR-degenerated scenarios, and is able to run in real time on an on-board computation platform, as shown by extensive experiments conducted in indoor, outdoor, and mixed environment of different scale.